The 54th Is Born: Black Soldiers Enter the Civil War

On this day, the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment—the first Black regiment raised in the North—was officially mustered into federal service. Backed by abolitionists like Frederick Douglass and led by Col. Robert Gould Shaw, the 54th would become a symbol of courage and sacrifice.

Among those who answered the call was Alfred Whiting, a young waiter from Pennsylvania who enlisted just weeks earlier. He rose to the rank of sergeant and fought bravely at Fort Wagner, where he was captured and imprisoned. Whiting survived nearly two years in Confederate prison camps, only to die of illness months after his release. He is buried in Alexandria National Cemetery, a silent witness to the day Black soldiers formally entered the fight for freedom.

Read Alfred Whiting’s Story →

Members of the 4th United States Colored Troops (USCT), c. 1864. Though not a photo of the 54th Massachusetts, this image powerfully represents the thousands of Black soldiers who followed in their footsteps—men like Sgt. Alfred Whiting, who helped redefine the meaning of service and citizenship during the Civil War.